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This Glossary lists words and terms used in practical cosmetology. In almost every instanct the definitions refer to how the word is used in the field of cosmetology.
A
abarticulation—in anatomy, that species of articulation or structure ofjoinls which admits manifest motion.
abbreviated—A shortened, reduced or briefer form.
abdomen—the belly; between the thorax and the pelvis.
abducent nerve—a motor nerve supplying the small muscles of the eye.
abductor—a muscle that draws a part of the body away from the axis line.
ability quota or stale of being able to perform. abnormal unusual; contrary to natural law or normal order.
abrasion—a scraping injury to the skin. abscess a hollow space containing pus. absorb—to engulf, suck up or take in. absorption—taking up or assimilation of one sub stance by another.
acceleration—an increase in rapidity. accelerator—any agent or machine which increases rapidity of action.
accent in hair tinting: color used to highlight or add to color tone.
accessory nerve eleventh cranial nerve; affects the mastoid and muscles of the neck.
acetic acid—a colorless solution that is the chief acid of vinegar.
acetone—a colorless, inflammable volatile liquid, used as a nail enamel remover.
acid—chemical compound containing hydrogen ions that reacts with a base to form a salt; having a pH of less than 7.
acid rinse—a mixture of water and lemon juice or vinegar.
acne—inflammation of the sebaceous gland causing skin pustules.
acne albida—whitehead.
acne cream a facial cream containing medicsments such as benzoin, boric acid, zinc oxide and calamine.
acne hypertrophica—pimples in which the lesions leave scars after healing.
acne keratosa—an eruption of papules consisting of horny plugs projecting from the hair follicles.
acne punctata—acne appearing as red papules in which are usually found blackheads.
acne pustulosa—acne in which the pustular lesions predominate.
acne rosacea—a form of acne due to congestion, in which the capillaries become dilated and sometimes broken.
acoustic nerve—eighth cranial nerve controlling
the sense of hearing.
acrolein—a light volatile oily liquid giving off irritation vapor.
actinic relating to the radiant energy of the chemically active rays of the spectrum.
activator—any agent, instrument, chemical, or device which induces action in an otherwise dormant substance.
activator machine (facials)—cleanses, stimulates, and helps firm the skin.
acute—severe symptoms; having a short course; not chronic.
adenoma sebaceum—small tumor originating in the sebaceous glands.
adhere—to remain in contact; to unite.
adhesive a sticky substance that tends to adhere to others.
adipose tissue—fatty tissue.
adjust—to make exact; to fit.
adolescence—state or process of growing from childhood to manhood or womanhood.
adrenal—an endocrine gland situated on the top of the kidneys.
adult—grown up to full age or size.
adulterate to alter, or to make impure by the addition of a foreign substance.
aeration—airing; saturating a fluid with air, carbon dioxide or other gas.
afferent nerves convey stimulus from the external organs to the brain.
affinity—the force which impels certain atoms to unite with certain others to form compounds.
Afro styling—cutting and styling extremely curly (kinky) hair following its natural tendencies and according to its condition. ssi as to fit the head contour, facial structure and features.
afterrinse—a product used after a hair treatment for special purposes such as making hair easy to comb.
agent—an active power which can produce a physical or chemical effect.
agnail—hangnail.
alae nasi—the wing cartilage of the nose.
albinism—absence of pigment in the skin and its appendages.
albino—a person with very little or no pigment in the skin or hair.
alcohol—a readily evaporating colorless liquid. powerful stimulant, and antiseptic.
alimentary—the alimentary canal extends from the month to the anus.
alkali—the hydroxide of a metal; a substance having marked properties of a base (see base); opposite to acid.
alkaline—having the properties of an alkali; having a pH of more than 7.
allergic—sensitive to certain substances so as to cause an unpleasant reaction.
allergy—a disorder due to extreme sensitivity to certain foods or chemicals.
allergy test a test to determine the existence or non existence of extreme sensitivity to certain things, foods, or chemicals, etc., which do not adversely affect most individuals. Sometimes referred to as predisposition test, patch test, or skin test.
alopecia baldness.
alopecia adnata baldness at birth. alopecia areata—baldness in spots.
alopecia dynamica—loss of hair due to destruction of the hair follicle.
alopecia follicularis—loss of hair due to inflamed hair follicles.
alopecia localis—loss of hair occurring at the site of an injury.
alopecia maligna—any form of alopecia that is severe and persistent.
alopecia prematura—baldness beginning before middle age.
alopecia seborrheica baldness caused by diseased sebaceous glands.
alopecia senilis—baldness occurring in old age.
alum sulphate of potassium and aluminum; used usa styptic.
alveola a small hollow; branch of the internal maxillary artery.
amino acid—an organic acid, molecules of which combine into long chains to lorm proteins.
amino dye a synthetic organic chemical dye; also called aniline dye, or coal-tar dye.
ammonia a colorless gas with a putigent odor; soluble in water to form ammonium hydroxide (ammonia water).
ammonium hydroxide—a chemical formed from ammonia which is used to make ammonium thioglycolate.
ammonium sulfite a chemical sometimes employed in a technique of chemical hair straightening.
ammonium thioglycolate—a chemical used in cold permanent waving and hair relaxing. sometimes referred to simply as “thio’
amyl acetate—a colorless. aromatic liquid em ployed in making nail polishes.
analysis—a process by which a substance is recog nized and its chemical composition determined.
analysis, hair—an examination to determine the condition of the hair.
anatomy the science of the organic structure of the body.
anemia the condition in which the blood is lacking in red corpuscles or hemoglobin or both.
anesthetic a substance to make the body incapable of feeling pain.
angiology—the study of blood vessels and lymphatics.
angle—the figure formed by the intersection of two straight lines at agiven point. The size of the angle is expressed in degrees based on 360 degrees in a complete circle. An angle whosesides are perpendicular is a right angle and contains 90 degrees.
angular artery supplies the lacrimal sac and the eye muscle.
aniline derivative hair tint a synthetic organic hair dye or tint produced from aniline which in turn can be produced from coal tar; also known as coal-tar dyes or coal-tar derivative tints, amino dyes, etc.
aniline dye—see aniline derivative hair tint. annular finger—ring finger.
anterior—situated before or in front of.
anthrax malignant pustule; gangrenous carbuncle-like lesion.
antibody a substance in the blood which builds resistance to disease.
antidote—an agent preventing or counteracting the action of a poison.
anti-perspirant—a strong astringent liquid or cream used to stop the flow of perspiration in the region of the armpits.
antiseptic a chemical that prevents the growth of bacteria, temporary in action and milder than a disinfectant.
antitoxin a substance in serum which binds and neutralizes poison.
aorta—the main arterial trunk leaving the heart and carrying blood to the various arteries throughout the body.
apex the summit or extremity; the bottom end of the heart.
appendage that which is attached to something else. and is a part of it.
appendix—u small intestinal organ.
applicator an implement used for applying substances.
aqueous—pertaining to water.
aromatic pertaining to or containing aroma.
arrector pili—Ihe involuntary muscles originating in the papillary layer of the skin and connecting bases of the hair follicles, the contraction of which causes “goose pimples.”
art an especial facility in performing any operation, intellectual or physical.
arterial—pertaining to an artery.
arteriole—a terminal artery continuous with the capillary network.
arteriosclerosis abnormal hardness and dryness of the arterial Coats resulting from chronic inflam580
mation.
artery—a vessel that conveys blood from the heart. articulation—a connection between two or more bones.
artificial nails—plastic pre-manufactured nails, or plastic nails formed and hardened right on the customer.
asepsis—.a condition in which bacteria are absent. aseptic—free from bacteria.
ash in hair tinting: a shade containing no red or gold tones (drab).
ash blonde—hair that is not brassy.
assimilation the incorporation of materials prepared by digestion from food into the tissues of the body.
asteotosis a deficiency of the sebaceous secretions.
astringent a lotion or medicine that causes con traction of the tissues.
asymmetrical—lack of symmetry or balance hair styled to one side without equal proportion.
athlete’s foot—a fungus foot infection.
atom—the smallest particle of an element which still retains all of the properties of that element.
atrichia absence of hair.
atrium—the auricle of the heart.
atrophy—a wasting away of the tissues from lack of nutrition.
auditory nerve—eighth cranial nerve, controlling the sense of hearing.
auriculotemporal—sensory nerve affecting the temple, just in front of the ear.
autonomic nervous system—the sympathetic nervous system; controls the involuntary muscles.
B
baby fine hair—a hair fiber that is fine to an extreme degree, due to its particularly small diameter and delicate construction.
bacillus—rod-like shaped bacterium.
back combing—combing the short hair toward the
scalp, starting at the scalp and working toward the ends, while the hair strand is held in a vertical position.
backward curl—curls wound in a counterclockwise direction on the left side of the head; on the right side of the head, such curls will be wound in a clockwise direction.
bacteria—(singutar: bacterium) microscopic
vegetable growths having single celled or non- cellular bodies of various shapes living in soil, water and organic matter; microbes or germs.
bactericide—an agent that destroys bacteria.
bacteriology—the science which deals with bacteria.
balance—(hairstyling) the harmony with the degree of height and proper width designed in a hairstyle.
baldness—a deficiency of hair.
bandeau—hairpiece: one which is sewn to a headband covering the hairline.
band wig—hairpiece: one which is sewn to a headband covering hairline.
bang—the front hair cut so as to fall over the forehead.
barrel curl—a strand of hair held directly up from the scalp and wound, with a large center opening. in a croquignole fashion and fastened to the scalp in a standing position.
basal layer the layer of cells at base of epidermis closest to the dermis.
base—the tower part or bottom; (i.e., the area on which a curl is placed); chemically: the hydroxide of a metal—a bitter tasting corrosive compound having a pH of over 7 (opposite of an acid); hair straightening: a preparation used to protect the scalp which is applied before application of chemical straightener.
base direction—line of motion created in base area. basic hair shaping—a haircut that is sufficiently versatile to accept a variety of contemporary hair fashions of equal facility.
beautician—one trained in the art of beautifying the personal appearance: a cosmetologist.
beauty culture—the study and practice of the improvement of personal appearance.
beeswax—the prepared secretion of the bee, used in hairdressing for unruly ends and strengthening sewing in making hairpieces.
benign—mild in character; inactive.
benzine an inflammable solvent used as a cleansing fluid.
benzoin—a balsamic resin used as a stimulant. bevel—to slope the edge of a surface.
bicarbonate of soda—baking soda; relieves burns, itching, urticarial lesions and insect bites.
biceps—a muscle producing the contour of the front and inner side of the upper arm.
bichloride—a compound having two parts or equivalents of chlorine to one of the other dcmeets.
bigoudi a small wooden curler on which the hair is wound for curling in wig work.
bile—a yellowish or greenish viscid fluid secreted by the liver to aid digestion.
bind (in wiggery) a piece of ribbon which is attached to the underside of the wig, encircling the head.
biochemistry—study of the chemical compounds and processes occurring in living organisms; a combination of biology and chemistry.
biology—the science of life and living things.
birthmark—any mark which is present at birth, usually lasting.
blackhead—a comedone; a plug of sebaceous matter.
bleach—see hair lightening.
bleached hair hair from which the color has been wholly or partially removed by means of a bleaching or lightening solution.
bleaching solution—used to remove color, usually hydrogen peroxide with addition of ammonia or other agents.
bleach pack—a bleach solution prepared in a thick
consistency.
blemish a mark. spot or defect marring the appearance.
blend—Ihair shaping) to cut layers of hair so that they merge into each other smoothly with little variation in length apparent.
blending—(hair coloring) a merging of one tint with another.
blister a collection of serous fluid causing a raised elevation of the skin.
block—a head-shaped form apon which a wig is placed for a specific purpose.
blocking—the division of the hair into practical working areas. (See sectioning and scale.)
blond, blonde—a person of fair complexion, with light hair; a color of hair.
blonde on blonde two blonde colors used on separate areas of the head, to achieve a blending of tight and dark shades of blonde.
blonding—to lighten hair, preparing it for a toner. blood the nutritive fluid circututing through the arteries and veins.
blood poison—an infection which gets into the blood stream.
blood vascular system comprised of the heart. arteries, veins, and capillaries, which distribute blood throughout the body.
blood vessel—an artery, vein or capillary.
blue light—a therapeutic tamp used to soothe the nerves and ease pain.
bluing rinse—a solution used to neutralize the unbecoming yellowish tinge on gray or white hair.
blunt—having an edge or point that is not sharp.
blunt cutting—cutting straight across a strand of hair held between the index and middle fingers, resulting in a slight tapered effect. (See club cutting.)
blusher (make-up)—a rouge of subtle color used for highlighting.
bob—a short haircut for women.
bobby pin—a “U” shaped clamp type pin with ends pressed close together.
body consistency; solidity of texture.
body permanent—a permanent given to impart body, rather than a curl or visibte wave to the hair.
boil a subcutaneous abscess which drains Out onto the surface of the skin.
boiling point—the temperature at which a liquid begins to boil.
bond—a linkage between two atoms forming a molecule.
bone—the hard tissue forming the framework of the body.
boom-boom iron a curling iron with oversized rod and groove.
booster—a trade name for an agent which raises the potency of an activated substance; a bleach and peroxide accelerator.
bop iron—a curling iron with oversized rod and groove. (See boom-boom iron and directional iron.)
boric acid—used as an antiseptic.
bouffant extreme height and fullness in a finished hairstyle.
braid—to weave or interlace together. brain that part of the central nervous system contained in the cranial cavity, and consisting of the cerebrum, the cerebellum, the pons. and the medulla oblongata.
brassy tone—a harsh brassy like color quality. Red and/or gold highlights.
breakage—a condition in which hair splits and breaks off.
brightening—highlighting the appearance of hair by slightly lightening or toning the natural shade.
brilliantine—an oily composition that imparts luster to the hair.
bristle short, stiff hairs found on brushes.
brittle—easily broken; fragile.
brittle hair—dry, fragile hair that is easily broken. brow the forehead.
bruise—to injure without laceration. brunette a person having dark brown or black hair.
brush-combing—back combing with a brush.
brush curl—to turn, blend. or form the hair into curls with the use of hair brush. fingers, and/or comb.
brushing—(facials) a machine with a facial brush attachment which rotates at high speed. Used for oily skin and back or shoulder treatments.
brush out—the opening and blending of the hair setting, curls, waves. etc.. into the finished style. using a hair brush and/or a comb.
buccal nerve—a motor nerve affecting the buccinator and the orbiculuris oris muscle.
buccinator—a thin, flat muscle of the cheek. buckles—(hairstyling) distortion of. or a bend in a curl.
buffer—a manicuring instrument which is used with powdered polish to add lustre on the nails.
bulb—the lowest extremity of the hair. bulbous—pertaining to. or like a bulb in shape. bulky—a great thickness.
C
cache peigne—a covered comb used for attaching a chignon to the hair.
calamine lotion—zinc carbonate in alcohol used for dermatitis.
calcium—enters into the composition of bone. callus—skin which has become hardened. camomile—an herb used as a brightening rinse for blond hair.
camphor—a mild cutaneous stimulant; has a slightly anaesthetic and cooling effect.
cancellous—having a porous or spongy structure. candlelighting—a light-tone blond with dark overtones.
caninus—the levator anguli oris muscle which lifts the angle of the mouth.
canitics—the science which treats canities. (Whitehair).
canities—grayness or whiteness of the hair.
canities, congenital—a type of gray hair transmitted by heredity as in albinism.
canities, premature—grayness of hair at an early age.
canities, senile—grayness of hair in old age.
cap—(wiggery) the netting and binding of a wig which together form the base to which the hair is attached.
cape—a waterproof garment used to protect the patron’s clothing during beauty treatment.
capillary—any one of the minute blood vessels which connect the arteries and veins.
caput—pertaining to the head.
carbohydrate—a substance containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
carbolic acid—phenol made from coal tar; used in dilute solution as an antiseptic.
carbon—coal; an elementary substance in nature which predominates in all organic compounds.
carbon-arc lamp—an instrument which produces ultraviolet rays.
carbon dioxide—carbonic acid gas; product of the combustion of carbon with a free supply of air.
carbuncle—a large circumscribed inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue.
cardiac—pertaining to the heart.
carotid—the principal artery of the neck.
cartilage—gristle; a nonvascular connective tissue softer than bone.
carved curl—a section of hair, sliced with a comb from a shaping and formed into a curl without lifting the stem from the shaping.
cascade—a hairpiece with an oblong-shaped base primarily worn on the back of the head.
cascade curl—a pin curl with a large open center and fastened to the scalp in a standing position.
castile soap—soap made from olive oil and other oils as Opposed to synthetic detergents.
catabolism—chemical changes which involve the breaking down process within the cells.
catalyst—an agent that causes an increased rate of chemical change; or converts the relatively inactive molecules of an element into active atoms of that element; hastens a chemical reaction.
caustic—a strong alkali capable of eating away other substances by chemical action.
caustic soda—common name for sodium hydroxide.
cell—a small mass of protoplasm containing one or more nuclei capable alone or with other cells of performing functions of life; the smallest form of living matter capable of functioning as an independent Unit.
cellular—consisting of, or pertaining to cells.
centigrade—consisting of 100 degrees; the centigrade thermometer assigns zero to the freezing point of water and 100 to the boiling point.
cerebellum—the posterior and lower part of the brain.
cerebral—pertaining to the cerebrum.
cerebrospinal system—consists of the brain, spinal
cord, spinal nerves and the cranial nerves.
cerebrum—the superior and larger part of the brain.
certified color—a pure commercial coloring product usually temporary in effect.
chemical—relating to chemistry.
chemical change—a reaction resulting in the formation of one or more new substances, each having its own properties.
chemical compound—a combination of elements chemically united in definite proportions.
chemical hair relaxer—a chemical agent which is employed to partially straighten curly hair.
chemical hair relaxing—the process of partially straightening curly hair by the use of chemical agents.
chemical hair straightener—a chemical product used to completely straighten kinky hair.
chemistry—the science dealing with the composition of substances and the many ways they change or react with others.
chignon—a pattern of hair worn at the crown or nape, created from hair, or from a hairpiece.
chiropody—the art of treating minor conditions of the feet.
chloasma—large brown irregular patches on the skin, such as liver spots.
chlorazene—a trade term for the chemical chtoramine T used as an antiseptic ordisinfectant.
chlorine—a greenish yellow gas used in combined form, such as sodium hypochlorite (clorox) and
chloramine T, as a disinfectant and bleaching agent.
chloro-zol—a trade name for a special tablet of chtoramine T used for preparing a germicide.
cholesterol—a waxy substance, called a lipid. found in animal tissues and the bloodstream; it is present in lanolin, and is used to prevent dryness of the hair and scalp.
chromosomes tiny dark-stained bodies found in the nucleus of the cell; transmit hereditary characteristics in cell division.
chronic—long-continued; the opposite of acute. chrysarobin—a powerful parasiticide powder used
in the treatment of skin diseases.
chuck—to strike vigorously; a term used in massage.
cicatrix—the skin or film which gradually forms a scar over a wound.
cilia—the eyelashes.
circle—a geometric shape formed by a curved line every point of which is equal distance from a center point.
circle design—equal distribution of straight or curved lines from a center point; a rotary flow.
circulation—orderly flow, such as the passage of blood throughout the body.
circulation, pulmonary blood circulation from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart.
circumscribed—surrounded by a line or boundary. citric acid—an acid obtained from lemon and lime juices or fermentation used for making rinses.
clamp—a device for compressing or holding some-
thing, such as a mannequin on a shelf or hair within a wave-clamp or in heat waving.
clavicle—collar bone, linking the sternum and scapula.
clay—an earthy silicate and mineral material, which hardens when dried, used for facial packs.
clay pack—a colloidal clay preparation used in facial treatineuts to stimulate the circulation and temporarily contract the pores. Recommended for oily skin.
cleansing cream a water-in-oil emulsion used to remove make-up and impurities.
clip—a small, clamp-like device used to secure pin curls, hair rollers, or waves.
clipping—(haircutting) the act of cutting split hair ends with the scissors; the operation of removing the hair by the use of hair clippers.
clockwise (hairstyling) the movement of hair, in shapings or curls, in the same direction as the hands of a clock.
clot—a mass or lump of coagulated blood. club cutting—cutting the hair straight off, while
being held flat to the contour of the head, which resutts in a straight line without a tapered effect.
coagulate—to clot.
coal tar dye another term for aniline dye. (See aniline derivative hair tint.)
coarse hair a hair fiber that is relatively large in diameter or circumference.
coating—residue left on the hair shaft which retards the action of chemicals upon the hair fiber.
coccus—spherical cell bacterium.
cocktail shampoo—the process of diluting tint with shampoo or water, and working it through the head like a shampoo without developing time.
coiffeur—a male hairdresser. coiffeuse—a female hairdresser. coiffure—a hairstyle. coil—to twist or wind spirally.
cold waving—a system of permanent waving involving the use of chemicals rather than heat.
cold waving lotion often ammoniuini thioglycol ate, a chemical solution, used to break the bonds in the polypcptide chains in the hair molecules so they can he re-firmed on a rod.
collodion a thick liquid used to lbrni an adhesive covering.
colloid a suspension of fine particles of a solid, or another liquid, in liquid to form a translucent solution.
color any tint or hue as distinguished from whitc. color blender (hair coloring) a product which
cleanses, highlights, blends in gray and streaked hair to the natural color.
color builder—(hair coloring) a filter to build color on over-porous hair so it can take and hold color evenly.
color-fast shampoo a mild shampoo especially formulated for cleansing and protecting the color stability of hair that has been tinted or lightened.
color filler—)hair coloringl a preparation used to provide lilt for porous spots in the hair during tinting, lightening, and after permanent waving.
colorist—a qualified hairdresser specializing in the application of hair colors.
color lifter—a dye remover; a chemical to remove artificial color from the hair.
color mixing—mixing two shades together for an in-between color.
color remover—a prepared commercial product which removes tint from the hair.
color rinse—u rinse which gives a temporary tint to the hair.
color shampoo—a preparation which colors and cleanses the hair permanently without requiring sectioning and subsectioning.
color test—a test performed prior to coloring, from which a strand of hair is treated with the precise formula in order to determine timing and the correctness of formula.
comb—an instrument used to dress, part and arrange the hair.
combout—)hairstyl ing) the opening and blending of the hair setting, curls, waves. etc.. into the finished style, using a hair brush and/or a comb.
combustion—the rapid oxidation of any substance, accompanied by the production of heat and light.
comedone extractor an instrument used for the removal of btackheads.
comedones blackheads; tiny facial spots caused by obstructed pores.
communicable—able to be communicated; transferable.
complexion—hue or general appearance of the skin, and the face.
component an ingredient, a part of the whole. composition—the quality of being put together. compound—a combination of elements chemically united in definite proportions to the original ingredients.
compound henna—Egyptian henna to which has been added other dye preparations.
compressor—a muscle that compresses a part of the body.
concave—hollow or incurved.
concentrated—condensed; increasing the strength by diminishing the bulk.
concentric—having a common center such as hair movements and growths radiating from a common point.
condensation a physical change of a gas into a liquid.
conditioner—any product applied to the hair to improve its condition.
conditioning the application of special chemicat agents to the hair to help restore its strength and body.
condyle—a rounded articutar surface ut the extremity of bone.
congeal—to change from a fluid to a solid state. congenital—existing at birth; born with. congestion—overlultness of the capillary and other blood vessels in any locality or organ.
connecting—(fingerwaving) the meeting of a ridge from one side of the head with a ridge from the opposite side of the head.
connecting line—connection between two circular shapes of clockwise and counterclockwise forces. Also referred to as dividing.
conoid—cone shaped.
consistency—a degree of density or firmness of either a solid or a liquid.
contact—bringing together so as to touch. contagion—transmission of specific diseases by contact.
contagious—transmittable by contact. contamination—pollution; soiling with infectious
matter.
contour—the outline of a figure or body. contractility—the property of contracting or shortening, as in muscular stimulation.
contraction—having power to become shorter; the act of shrinking.
contrast—exhibiting notable difference by comparison.
convex—curving outward like the segment of a circle, rising or swelling on the exterior surface into a round form; arched; opposite of concave.
corium—the derma or true skin.
cornification—the process of becoming a horny substance or tissue; a callosity.
coronary—resembling a crown; encircling another body part; relating to the heart.
corpuscles, red—cells in blood whose function is to carry oxygen to the body tissue.
corpuscles, white—cells in the blood whose function is to destroy disease genus.
corrode to destroy gradually by chemical action. corrugations—alternate ridges and furrows. corrugator supercilli—draws eyebrows inward and downward, thus causing vertical wrinkles at the root of the nose.
cortex—the second layer of the hair. cosmetic dermatology—a branch of dermatology
devoted to improving the health and beauty of the skin and its appendages.
cosmeticians—those professionally engaged in improving the complexion, skin, and hair.
cosmetics—any substances used externally to cleanse, alter or improve the appearance of a person.
cosmetic therapy—improving a person’s appearance and mental attitude through cosmetology.
cosmetologist—one skilled in the professional practice of improving beauty.
cosmetology—the science of beautifying and improving the complexion, skin, hair or nails.
counterclockwise—the movement of hair in the opposite direction to the hands of a clock.
coverage—(hair coloring) the degree to which gray and white hair has been colored.
cowlick—a tuft of hair forming a spiral turn, growing contrary to the usual growth pattern of the hair.
cranial—pertaining to the cranium. cranium—the bones of the head that enclose the brain.
crayon—(hair coloring) a stick of temporary coloring material.
cream a semisolid cosmetic usually in ajar. creme—a thick liquid usually in a bottle. creme rinse—a hair rinse containing surface active agents which deposit a light film on the hair making it feel silky and easier to comb.
crepe wool wool strands sometimes used to confine hair ends in winding.
cresol—a colorless, oily liquid or solid derived from coal tar and used as a disinfectant.
crest—a ridge, line or thin mark made by folding or doubling, as a crest between two waves, where one begin and the other ends.
croquignole—winding of the hair from ends to the scalp.
croquignole curling (thermal waving) curling a strand of hair with hot curling iron, developing the entire curl at about I inch from the scalp.
crown of the head—the top back part of the head. curd—soap residue found on the hair after an unsatisfactory shampoo.
curl—a circle, or circles, within a circle. curl, barrel a strand of hair held directly up from the scalp and wound, with a large center opening, in a croquignole fashion and fastened to the scalp in a standing position.
curl, base—foundation of the curl, at the scalp. curl, cascade a pin curl with a large open center and fastened to the scalp in a standing position.
curl, directional—a pin curl made in the opposite direction of the front line curl.
curl direction the movement of hair in order to form a particular pattern or style (i.e.. forward, toward the face; backward, away from the face, clockwise, counterclockwise).
curl, maypole—overlapping around finger with ends on outside.
curl, overlapping—a pin curl which partially rests on a previously made pin curl.
curl, pin—a strand of hair which is combed smooth and ribbon-like and wound into a circle with the ends on the inside.
curl, ridge—a curl placed behind and close to the ridge of a fingerwave.
curl, roller—a section of wet hair wrapped around a roller.
curl, sculpture—same as pin curl.
curl, stand-up—a pin curl with a large open center and fastened to the scalp in a standing position.
curl, supporting—a pin curl made in the same direction of the front line curl.
curl stem—that part of the pin curl between the base and the first arc of the circle.
curler—that which curls hair, either using water or heat.
curling—a process of hair curling and waving. curling paper—used in a technique of making a pin curl with a folded piece of paper to help control short, wiry hair. Also used with a paper-curling iron.
curling, round—a process of rolling the hair tightly and evenly around a heated curling iron, starting at the ends.
curly—tending to curl; full of curls.
curriculum the course outline of study in a school.
curvature lines—moldings; shapings; combing out into a combined concave and convex tiow.
curved line—a half circle or a shaping started from a given point.
cutaneous—pertaining to the skin.
cuticle—the Outer layer of the skin (epidermis) or hair; also refers to the fold of epidermis around the fingernail.
cuticle remover a solution of alkali, glycerine and water used to soften and remove dead cuticle around the nail.
cutis the derma or deeper layer of the skin. cylindrical—having the form of a cylinder—the surface formed by a straight line moving in a circle around a parallel straight line.
cyst—a closed abnormally developed sac conthin ing fluid.
cysteine—an amino acid containing sulfur which is easily oxidized to cystine.
cystine—a crystalline amino acid containing two sulfur atoms found in proteins (as keratins).
D
damaged hair—a hair condition characterized by one or more of the following; high porosity, brittleness, split ends, lightened ends, dryness, lack of gloss and elasticity.
dandruff—pityriasis: scales formed upon the scalp. dandruff shampoo a commercially prepared product to aid in the control and elimination of dandruff when used as directed.
decalvant removing the hair, making bald. decomposition—breaking down into constituent
parts by chemical action or delay. deficiency—a lacking. deltoid—a muscle of the shoulder. demarcation a line setting bounds.
dendrite a treelike branching of nerve fibers extending from a nerve cell.
dense—thick, heavy.
density—the number of hairs per square inch at the scalp.
deodorant—a substance that conceals offensive odors, or stops perspiration.
deodorize to free from odor. depilation—removal of hair above the skin. depilatory—a caustic alkali, used to remove hair. deportment manner of conduct or behavior. depression—a hollow or sunken area. depressor—that which presses or draws down; a muscle that depresses.
depressor alae nasi—a muscle which contracts the nostril.
depressor anguli oris a muscle that depresses the angle of the mouth.
depressor labii inferioris—a muscle that depresses the lower lip.
derivative—that which is derived or deduced from
another.
derma the true skin; the sensitive layer of the skin below the epidermis.
dermal pertaining to the skin. dermatitis—inflammation of the skin. dermatitis seborrheica—dermatitis found with overactive sebaceous glands.
dermatitis venenata—technical term for hair dye poisoning: inflammation of skin caused by hair dye.
dermatologist—a professional specialist in the science of treating the skin and its diseases.
dermatology—the science which treats the skin and its diseases.
dermatosis any disease of the skin. dermis—the layer of the skin below the epidermis. design arrangement of shapes, lines, and ornamental effects which create an artistic unit.
design (two dimensional)—a pattern effect on a flat surface.
design (three dimensional)—a sculpturing effect with hair, creating volume and/or indentation tnto a shape.
detergent—an agent that cleanses; a synthetic soap. develop the action of a hair tint or bleach taking effect.
developer a chemical agent which is mixed with tints, dyes, and bleaches; usually a peroxide.
developing time—(tinting and bleaching) the period required for the hair bleach or tint solulions to act upon the hair. Timing begins at completion of application.
dexterity skill, expertness in manual acts. diagnosis—the recognition of a disease or problem from its symptoms.
diagram—a drawing that explains rather than rep resents.
dialysis—the separation of different substances in solution by their unequal diffusion through membranes.
diamond mesh—(wig making) a method of sewing weft into diamond-shaped meshes. The weaving incorporates one strand of wire.
diaphragm—a muscular wall which separates the thorax from the abdomen.
diet—a course of food selected with reference to a particular health condition.
differentiate—to indicate specific differences. diffusion—a spreading out.
digestion the process of converting food into a form which can be readily absorbed by the body.
digits—fingers or toes.
dilator naris anterior—a muscle which dilates the nostril.
dilute to make thinner by mixing. dimension—measure as to length, with height. thickness or circumference.
dimensional coloring—(two or three dimensional)—two or three shades of the same color cast on one head of hair.
dimensional design or form—(hairstyling) three dimensional sculpturing effect with hair, creating volume or volume indentation into a shape andsilhouette. (See design.) diplococcus—bacteria exhibiting pairs. direct point—parting of straight or curved lines
from a point to the outline of a circular shape. directional curl a pin curl made in the opposite
direction of the front line curl.
directional iron a curling iron with oversized rod and groove used for straight, smooth lines in styling.
discoloration—lhe development of an undesired color.
disease—a pathologic condition of any part or organ of the body.
disease carrier a healthy person capable of transmitting germs to another person.
disinfectant—a substance that completely destroys bacteria.
dispensary a place where supplies are prepared and dispensed.
dissolve—to make a solution of: to break up. distill to concentrate or extract the essence of a substance.
distinctive—characteristic, making a difference. disulfide links bonds or cross-linkages in the polypeptide chains of hair molecules which are broken by the action of cold waving lotions or hair straighteners so the hair can be reformed.
dormant—inactive.
dorsal—pertaining to the back.
double knotting the means of attaching hair to the netting of hairpieces.
downward—(hairstyling) toward the shoulder usually away from the part.
drab—(hair coloring) a yellowish gray color. No red or gold.
dropping a wave—to discontinue a wave instead of carrying it around the entire head.
ry hair hair that is devoid of sufficient or normal
) natural oils.
‘ dry shampoo—a substance used to cleanse the hair without the use of soap and water. (Powder or liquid.)
duct—a passage or canal fbr fluids.
dye—(haircoloring) a chemical that adds color to hair.
dye remover—a substance that removes dye from hair.
dye solvent a chemical compound used to remove artificial color from the hair.
dynel—a synthetic hair like fiber used in making ready-to-wear wigs and hairpieces.
E
eczema—an inflammatory condition of the skin. characterized by redness, itching and lesions.
efferent nerves—nerves conveying impulses away from the central nervous system.
effilate—to cut the hair strand by a sliding movement of the scissors in an opened position.
effileing—(haircutting) slithering: the tapering of
hair to graduated lengths. From the French term “effile”.
effleurage—a light, stroking movement in massage.
Egyptian henna—a pure vegetable hair dye.
elasticity the ability of hair to be stretched and return to its original length.
electricity—a form of energy, exhibiting magnetic. illuminating or thermal effects usually utilized in the form of electric current.
electrification—the application of electricity to the body by holding an electrode in the hand and charging the body with electricity.
electrocoagulation—short wave, single needle method of electrolysis.
electrode—an applicator for directing the use of electricity on a patron.
electrologist—skilled in applying the science of electrolysis.
electrology—science in relation to electricity.
electrolysis—destruction of body tissues and hair roots by means of an electric current.
electrolytic cup—an appliance used to cleanse the skin, before giving a massage.
element—a simple substance which cannot be decomposed or separated into any other substance.
embryo—in the first stages of development.
emery board a disposable instrument having cutting ridges, used to remove a portion of the free edge of the nail.
emollient—an agent that softens or soothes the surface of the skin.
emotion—mental excitement.
emulsified—a binder or surface active agent added to a mixture of two liquids to keep the particles of each in suspension.
emulsion—a mixture of two tiquids shaken together until they break up into minute gtobules held in suspension by an emulsifier.
enamel—gloss: polish.
endocrine internal secretion or hormone.
endosteum the membrane covering the inner sur face of bone in the medutlary cavity.
end papers—special papers used to control the ends of hair in wrapping. (i.e., in winding hair on rods or rollers).
ends, hair—last inch of a strand of hair furthest from the scalp.
environment—surrounding conditions.
enzyme—a substance which induces a chemical change in other substances, without undergoing any change itself.
epicranium—the structure covering the cranium. epcranius—the scalp muscte.
epidemic—affecting many people: a prevailing disease.
epidermis—the outer epithelial portion of the skin. epilation the removal of hair from beneath the surface of the skin.
epithelial tissue—a term applied to cells that form the epidermis.
epithelium—a cellular tissue isr membrane, with
little intercellular substance, lining a cavity. eponychium—the extension of cuticte at base of
nail and the continuous fold of epidermis at the sides.
equation a shorthand method of expressing a chemical reaction.
eruption a visible lesion of the skin marked by redness.
erysipelas—an acute infectious disease accompanied by inflammation of the skin.
erythema a superficial blush or redness of the skin.
erythrocyte—a red blood cell: red corpuscle. esophagus—the canal leading from the pharynx to the stomach.
esthetic—retating to the nature and principles of beauty. (Also spelled aesthetic.)
ether—obtained from distilling alcohol with sulphuric acid: used as an anesthetic.
ethics principles of good character and proper conduct.
ethmoid—a bone forming part of the walls of the nasal cavity.
etiology—the science of the causes of disease. European hair—human hair found in Europe and considered to be the finest hair available: used in constructing wigs and hairpieces.
evaporation—change from liquid to vapor. excitation the act of stimulating. excoriation—act of stripping or wearing off the skin.
excretion that which is eliminated from the body. exfoliation—throwing off scales from the skin as in dandruff.
exhalation—breathing outward.
exhaustion—loss of vital power from fatigue. nerves, or disease.
expansion—dilation or swelling.
expert one whc, has special knowledge or skilt ui a particular subject.
extensibility capable of being extended or stretched.
extensor a muscle which extends or straightens out a limb or part.
externus external: the outside.
extremity the distant end or part of any organ: a hand or foot.
exudation—act ofdischarging from a body through pores, as sweat or flloisture: oozing Out.
eyeball the globe of the eye. eyebrow the hair and tissue above the eye. eyelashes the hair of the eyelids. eyelid the protective covering of the eyeball. eye-shadow—a cosmetic applied on the eyelids,
consisting of waxes, oils and cisloring matter in various forms.
F
face framing—(hair coloring) a narrow sertion of hairaround the face) Ito 11/:”) lightengd one or
two shades.
facial—pertaining to the face, also a short term lbr facial treatment.
fade—to become indistinct: to gradually disappear. Fahrenheit—pertaining to the Fahrenheit thermometer. Water freeles at 32 F. and boils at 2l2
F.
fall a long artificial section of hair worn at the top back of the head.
faradism—electricat treatment used br stimulating activity of the tissues.
fascia a sheet of connective tissue covering internal parts of the body.
fat—soft-solid material found in animal tissue. fatigue—bodily or mental exhaustion. favus—a contagious disease isf the skin, with crusts.
feathercut—a basic hair shaping consisting of a smooth crown, surrounded by tapered ends.
featheredge shortening the hair in a graduated effect to a fine edge.
felon—paronychia of the nail.
fermentation a chemical decomposition of organic compounds into more simple compounds. by the action of an enzyme.
fetid—having a foul smell. fver—rise of body temperature.
fever blister—the presence of vesicles over an inflammatory base: herpes simplex.
fiber a slender thread or filament. fibrin—the agent in coagulation of the blood. fibrinogen a substance producing tibrin. fibrous—consisting of or like fibers. file—a hardened steel instrument having cutting
edges used to remove a portion of the free edge of the nail.
filler—a preparation used to provide fill for porous spots in the hair during tinting, lightening and peritianent waving.
filter anything through which a gas or a liquid is passed to cleanse or strain it.
fine—(texture) being (sfa small diameter, not coarse or thick.
fine hair—a hair fiber that is relatively small in diameter or circumference.
finesse delicate skill.
fingerwave—ihe process of setting the hair in a pattern of waves through the use of fingers..c()nih and a waving lotion.
finishing cream—an emulsion of stearic acid in water. such as powder base and foundation cream, used before make-up is applied.
finishing knot—the manner of weaving the final strand of hair. on a hairpiece, to prevent the work from becoming loose.
fishhook—a tiaw in the curling of hair which results in the tip ends of hair bending in a direction other than that of the rest of the curl.
fission—(biology) reproduction of bacteria by eel lalar division.
fissure—a narrow opening niade by separation of parts: a slit.
fixative—un hairstyling) a hairdressing used tokeep hair in place; (in cold waving) a chemical agent stopping the chemical action of the waving solution; (in hair straightening) a chemical agent stopping the processing of the chemical hair relaxer.
flabby—lacking firmness.
flat weft once-in weaving; in hairstyling used to practice fingerwaving.
flexor—a muscle that bends or flexes a part or a joint.
florid—flushed with red.
fluff—hair that is combed so that it has a soft, airy effect.
fluid a non-solid substance (liquid, cream, or gas).
fly weft—fine weaving used for the top row of a hairpiece made of a weft.
foil—a thin sheet of metal such as aluminum or tin. follicle—the depression in the skin containing the hair root.
folliculitis—an inflammation of any follicle.
foramen—a passage through a bone or membrane. forces—causes of motion or change, also in hairstyling, the direction of motion from a point in straight or curved degrees.
formaldehyde—a poisonous gas with powerful disinfectant properties, formerly used in sterilizing cabinets.
formalin—a 40% solution of formaldehyde in water.
formula—abbreviation for a chemical compound giving the symbols of the elements that compose it and the proportions in which they are combined.
forward curl—curls wound toward the face, in a clockwise direction on the left side of the head and a counterclockwise direction on the right side.
forward wave—a wave shaped toward the face.
foundation—(wig making) the base of a hairpiece, made of net, to which the hair is attached.
foundation cream—an emulsion used as a base for make-up. (See finishing cream.)
fragile hair—hair which is lacking in normal flexibility, tensile strength, and resilience; usually brittle and easily broken.
fragilitas crinium—brittleness of the hair. frayed—worn away by friction.
freckle—a brown spot on the skin, caused by uneven development of pigment.
free edge the part of the nail body extending over the fingertip.
French flow technique—using a double row of rollers or pin curls in an oblong shape.
French fluff (soap cap)—the process of diluting a bleaching or tint with shampoo or water, and working it through the head like a shampoo.
French lacing—same as teasing.
French twist—a vertical seam-like arrangement of hair at the back of the head.
friction—resistance when one body is rubbed against another.
fringe—a wispy type bang.
frizz—hair having too much curl.
frontal—in front; relating to the forehead.
frontalis—musele of the scalp. frosting—(haircoloring) to lighten or darken small selected strands of hair over the entire head.
fuller’s earth—a soapy clay used as a thundation for packs and masks.
fulling—a massage movement.
fumigant a gaseous substance capable of destroying bacteria.
fumigation—destruction of germs by a fumigant. function a normal action of a part. fungus—a spongy growth of diseased tissue on the body.
funny hone the bone on the inner side of the forearm; a tingling sensation is felt when the nerve is struck.
furrow—a groove.
furuncle—a boil.
ganglion a subcutaneous tumor or cystic swelling connected with tendon sheaths.
gangrene the dying of tissue.
gastric juice the digestive fluid secreted by the glands of the stomach.
gauze—a thin open-meshed cloth used for dressings.
gel, styling—ajelly-like hair setting preparation; in chemistry, a word for the semisolid mass formed by some colloidal materials in water.
gentian violet—an antiseptic used in the first aid treatment of a burn.
germ—a bacillus; a microbe. germicide—a solution that will destroy germs. germinative layer—the deepest layer of the epidermis resting on the corium.
glamour—alluring and often illusory charm. gland—a secretory organ of the body. glimmer a rouge which imparts a gloss. glint—luster; shine.
glycerine—a syrupy, alcoholic compound which is soluble in water. Used in many cosmetic creams.
goiter—enlargement of the thyroid gland. granular layer—the stratum granulosum of the skin.
granules—small grains. granulosum—granular layer of the epidermis. great auricular—a nerve affecting the face, ears, neck and parotid gland.
greater occipital—sensory and motor nerve affect ing the splenius, complexus and scalp.
gristle—cartilage.
groom—to make neat.
groove—(hairstyling) the valley between two ridges; (in thermal irons) the shell part of the iron into which the rod fits.
Guiche curl—a short flat “C” shaped curl placed on the skin near the cheek bone.
hacking a chopping stroke made with the edge of the hand in massage.
hackling—(wig making)—a process by which tangled hair maybe disentangled.
hair—slender thread-like outgrowth on the body.
hair bleaching—removing the natural pigment from the hair.
hair bobbing—the cutting ssf women’s hair in a short fashion.
hair bulb the lowest extremity of the hair.
hair clipping—removing split ends with the scissors.
hair color lotion a semipermanent hair coloring which does not need a developer.
haircutting shortening and thinning of the hair.
hairdressing—the art of arranging the hair into styles.
hair dyeing—the process ofgiving the hair new and permanent color.
hair follicle—the depression in the skin containing the root of the hair.
hair lace—(wig making) a form of net foundation made of stiffened human hair.
hair lift—an implement used to lift hair into balance while combing.
hair lightening—removing color pigment from hair; bleaching.
hairline—the edge of the scalp where the hair begins.
hair papilla—a small cone-shaped elevation at the bottom of the hair follicle.
hairpiece—wiglet; fall; cascade.
hair pressing—straighlening curly or kinky hair with heated iron or comb.
hair pressing cream a cream used in hair pressing u.s a protective lubricant for normal hair.
hair pressing oil—an oil used in hair pressing as a protective lubricant for dry hair.
hair restorer a metallic, progressive dye. hair root—that part of the hair within the follicle.
hair set tape—a tape which sticks to wet hair when setting bangs, side curls, and back of neck hair when designing straight lines or when the hair is too short to set on rollers or in pin curls.
hair shaft—the hair which projects beyond the skin.
hair shaping—the art of haircutting.
hair softener—On hairstyling) a hair pomade. cream or creme rinse; (in hair tinting) a peroxide and ammonia mixture applied before tinting.
hair spray—a cosmetic applied in the form of a mist to hold the hairstyle in place.
hair straightener—a chemical agent used in straightening kinky or curly hair.
hair test a sampling of how the hair will react. hair tinting—the act of adding color pigment to hair.
hair trim—the act of cutting the hair lightly. hair weaving—the process of sewing a base of nylon thread into the remaining natural hair and
tying wefted hairs to that base to eliminate the appearance of baldness.
half wig—a front or hack hairpiece made on half of a wig base to blend with the wearer’s natural hair.
halitosis foul breath.
halo lightening—(hair coloring) only the crown hair is lightened one or two shades.
handmade—describes a wig or hairpiece made by hand.
hand tied—(wig making) a process in which individual hairs are inserted with a needle into a mesh in designing a hairpiece; also referred to as a ventilated hairpiece.
hangnail—a strip of epidermis at the side of the nail.
hard water—water containing certain salts of calcium and magnesium which do not lather easily with soap.
harmony relationship of shapes and lines. heart—a hollow muscular organ which keeps up the circulation of the blood.
heating cap—an insulated cap, containing interwoven electrical wires, which is used for heating the hair and scalp in corrective treatments.
heat waving a system of permanent waving employing either machines or chemicals to generate heat.
heavy side of the head—the side of the head to which most of the hair is directed.
hematocyte—a blood corpuscle.
hemoglobin—the iron-containing protein pigment in the red blood cells.
hemorrhage bleeding.
henna—used as a dye, imparting a reddish tint only. henna, compound—pure henna to which has been added one or more metallic preparations.
henna, white—magnesium carbonate; mixed wit’ peroxide and ammonia, it is used to bleach hai. Excellent for bleaching hair on arms, legs and face.
heredity—transmission of qualities from parents to their children genetically.
herpes—an inflammation of the skin having small vesicles in clusters.
herpes simplex—fever blister; cold sore. hidrosis—ahnormat sweating. high fashion—the accentuated design of the day’s
fashion trends, either in hairstyling or hair coloring.
high fashion blonding—a double process coloring where the hair is lightened and then toned.
high frequency—violet ray machine used for stimulation.
highlighting—the introduction of color to increase the brightness of the hair.
hirsute—hairy; often used to refer to overgrown or pubescent hair.
hirsuties—growth of hair in unusual locations, as on the faces of women.
histology—the science of the structure of organic tissues.
hives—a skin eruption.
horizontal—parallel to the ground; usuallydescribed in terms of left and right as opposed to up and down.
hormone—substance formed in one organ and carried in the blood to another organ, which it stimulates to functional activity.
horny—hard.
humidity—moisture in the air. hydro—a prefix denoting water.
hydrocystoma—a variety of sudamen appearing on the face.
hydrogen—a colorless, odorless and tasteless gas which readily combines with other elements to form millions of chemical compounds.
hydrogenate—to add hydrogen to the molecules of an unsaturated organic compound usually for the purpose of changing it to a cream consistency.
hydrogen peroxide—an oxidizing agent used in cosmetology for bleaching, developing aniline dyes, and as a fixative for thio cold waving lotions.
hydroxy cellulose—a chemical thickening agent; makes watery liquids thick.
hygiene—the science of preserving health. hygroscopic—absorbing and retaining moisture. hyperhydrosis—excessive sweating. hypernecretion—excessive secretion. hypersensitivity—usually affected by external agencies or influences to which a normal individual does not react.
hypertrophy—abnormal increase in the size of an organ: overgrowth.
hypodermic—beneath the skin. hypoglossal—under the tongue.
hyponychium—the extension of the skin underneath the free edge of the nail.
icing—(hair coloring) a half frosting (front half or back half).
idiosyncrasy—an individual characteristic or peculiarity due to the action of certain drugs, articles of diet, etc.
illuminating—(hair coloring) a process in which one specific area, usually bangs, is lightened two or three shades.
imbrications of hair—tiny overlapping scales on the hair cuticle.
immerse—to dip, submerge isa liquid.
immiscible—a liquid that will not mix with another liquid.
immunity—freedom from or resistance to. impetigo contagiosa a contagious disease.
characterized by an eruption which develops into pustules.
implement—an instrument used to accomplish a given work.
incandescent—giving light and heat.
incubation—the period between the implanting of the contagion and the development of the symp
toms.
indentation—a curved, hollow or spaced form. index—the forefinger.
indigo—a blue dyestuff (rinse).
indirect point—partings of an oval shape, using straight or curved lines, first parting out of the circumference, then inner section all from one point.
inelasticity the ability of hair to stretch but not return to its former shape.
inert—inactive.
infect—to cause infection. infection—contamination of the body tissues by germs.
infection, general—the result of germs gaining entrance into the blood stream.
infection, local—confined to only certain portions of the body.
infectious—capable of causing infection. inferioris—below: lower. inflammation—the reaction of the body to irritation.
infraorbital—below the orbit: a sensory and motor nerve affecting the cheek muscles, nose, and upper lip.
infrared thermal radiation of wavelengths lying outside of the visible spectrum.
infratrochlear—sensory nerve affecting the skin of the nose and the inner muscle of the eye.
ingrown hair a hair that has grown underneath the skin.
ingrown nail—the growth of the nail into the flesh instead of the tip of the linger or toe.
inhalation—the inbreathing of air.
inner and outer circle—(hair sectioning) inner has a pie-shape base section: Outer has an oblique base.
innominate veins—veins of the neck. inoculation—the means by which protective agents are introduced into the body.
inorganic—matter not relating to living organisms. insanitary—so unclean as to endanger health. insoluble—incapable of being dissolved. insulin—a protein hormone essential to carbohydrate metabolism, used in treatment of diabetes.
insurance—protection against loss, damage or injury.
integument—a covering of the skin. internus—pertaining to the inside. interosseous—lying between or connecting hones. interstice—a small hole in a tissue: pore. intestine—the digestive tube from the stomach to the anus.
inversion—turning inward.
involuntary muscles muscles that unction without the action of the will.
iodine—an antiseptic for cuts, bruises. etc. ion—an atom carrying an electric charge. iris—the colored, muscular diaphragm of the eye which regulates the pupil.
irradiation—the process of exposing to sunlight rays.
irritant—an irritating agent. a stimulus.
J.L. (International Hairgoods Color Ring)—original color ring developed by Jacques Leclebart and accepted by the industry.
joining—(hairstyling) the process whereby a fingerwave is lengthened: connecting.
joint—a connection between bones. jowl—the hanging part of the chin. jugular—the large vein in the neck.
kaolin—fuller’s earth: used in a poultice with glycerine (mud pack).
karaya gum—a gem obtained in India and Africa:
used to make wave set preparations.
keratin—the basic constituent molecule of hair and nails.
keratoma—an acquired thickened patch of the epidermis.
keratosis—the presence of circumscribed over- growths of the horny layer.
kidney—the organ which excretes urine. kinky—very curly hair.
knead to work and press with the hands as in massage.
knotting—(wig making) a process in which individual hairs are inserted with a needle into a mesh or net base and locked in place by a hand-twisting or hooking action.
labium—lip.
laboratory—a space containing apparatus for conducting experiments and analysis.
laceration—a tear of the skin.
lacrimal— hone at the front of the orbits.
lacing—(hairstyling) a delicate teasing along the entire strand of hair giving the hair a lacy quality.
lacquer, nail—a thick liquid which forms a glossy film on the nail colored and colorless.
lacteals—the lymphatics of the small intestines that take up the chyle.
lanolin—purified wool fat.
lanugo—the fine hair which covers most of the body.
larynx the upper part of the trachea or wind pipe:
voice box.
latissimus dorsi—a broad, flat muscle of the hack.
layer—(hairstyling) a single horizontal thickness or line of hair.
lemon rinse—lemon juice or citric acid diluted:
used to lighten the color of the hair.
lentigo—a freckle: pigmentation in the skin. lesion an abnormal change caused by injury or disease.
lesser occipital—the nerve supplying muscles at the back of the ear.
leucocyte—a white corpuscle. leucoderma—white patches on the skin. leuconychia—u whitish discoloration Ut nails. levator—a muscle that elevates a part. levator anguli oris—muscle that raises the angle of the mouth and draws it in.
levator labii superioris—muscle that elevates upper lip and dilates the nostrils.
levator palpebrae—muscle that raises upper eyelid.
lift—(hair coloring) to lighten by a barely perceptible amount, without definite color change.
lift, hair—an implement used to lift hair into balance while combing.
ligament—band of fibrous tissue that connects hones or holds an organ in place.
light—(hairstyling) the high area of a convex effect isa hairstyle: volume.
lighten—to partially remove color. lightener—a chemical agent used to lighten or remove the color from hair.
light therapy—the application of light rays for treatment.
limp—tacking firmness or strength.
line of demarcation—a line in the hair which distorts the evenness of the hair either in form or color.
liquefy to reduce to the liquid state.
litmus paper paper strips that are reddened by acids and turned blue by alkalies.
liver—an internal organ which secretes bile for digestion.
lobe—a curved or rounded projection (i.e.. ear lobe).
lockjaw a firm closing of the jaw due to tonic spasm of the muscles of mastication.
long lasting rinse—a semipermanent color. loose scalp a scalp that can be moved easily with
linger manipulations.
lotion a liquid preparation for cosmetic and external medicinal use.
louse—(plural: lice)—pediculous: an animal parasite infesting the hairs of the head.
lubricant—an agent that makes things smooth and slippery: eliminates friction.
lucidum—the clear layer of the epidermis. lung--an organ of respiration. lunula—the half-moon shape at the base of the nail. lustre—glass: gleam: radiance. lustreless—without shine or gloss: dull. luxuriant—abundant.
lymph—a pale yellow coaguluble fluid, produced by the filtration of the blood through the walls of the capillaries, which circulates in the lymphatics of the body.
lymphatic system—lymph llowing through lymph spaces, lymph vessels, and lymph nodes (an accessory to the blood vascular system).
NI
machineless—without a machine; permanent waving by heat from a chemical reaction.
machine made—describes a wig or hairpiece made by machine, rather than by hand.
macula—a spot or discoloration level with the skin; a freckle.
magnet having the power to attract iron bodies. magnify—to increase the size of. magnum—largest bone of the wrist. make-up skin cosmetics; and application thereof. malar the cheek bone. malformation—an abnormal Shape or structure. malignant resistant to treatment; a tumor occurring in severe form.
malpighian the deeper portion of the epidermis. management—directing; carrying on; control; administrating.
mandible—the lowerjawbone.
mandibular nerve the fifth cranial nerve which supplies the muscles and skin of the lower part of the face.
manicure the care of the hands and nails. manicurist—one who specializes in the care of the
hands and nails.
manipulation—working or operating with the hands or by mechanical means.
mantle—the fold of the skin into which the nail root is lodged.
manus—the hand.
marbleizing—(hair coloring) interlacing light and dark sections or shades of hair within one head of hair.
marcel waving—a technique of forming waves in the hair by means of thermal irons.
marrow a soft fatty substance filling the cavities of bone.
mascara—a cosmetic containing synthetic waxes plus lampblack or synthetic dyes, used to darken the eyelashes.
masque—(facials) a jellied, vegetal product, aids the skin in moisture retention.
massage—manipulation of the face or body by rubbing, kneading, tapping, etc., to increase circulation, promote absorption.
massage cream an emollient cream intended for lubrication of the skin, also called tissue creams or nourishing creams.
masseter—a muscle of the jaw used in mastication (chewing).
masseur—a man who practices massage. masseuse—a woman who practices massage. mastication—the act of chewing. mastoid—a process of the temporal bone behind ear.
matching (hairstyling) the meeting of a ridge from one side of the head with a ridge from the opposite side of the head.
matrix—the formative portion of a nail. matter—a substance that occupies space and has weight.
matting—the packing of hair at the scalp area as a result of teasing or hack combing hair.
maxilla, inferior—lower jawbone. maxilla, superior upperjawbone.
maypole curl—a curl made by overlapping a hair strand around the finger with the ends on the outside.
meatus—passage or channel of the ear. medial pertaining to the middle. medium hair—a hair fiber neither especialty large
nor small in circumference, but a thickness about halfway between fine and coarse.
medulla innermost portion or pith of hair fiber. medulla oblongata—the posterior part of the brain, continuous with the spinal cord.
medullary pertaining to the innermost portion or medulla.
melanin the tiny grains of pigment in the hair cortex which causes natural hair color.
membrane a thin layer of pliable tissue, serving as a covering.
mentalis—the muscle that elevates the tower lip, and the skin of the chin.
mental nerve—a nerve which supplies the skin of the lower lip and chin.
mesh (foundation) a wig base made of net. metabolism the life process of the cell. metacarpus—the bones of the palm of the hand. metatarsus—the bones which comprise the instep of the foot.
metallic—relating to metal.
metallic dye—a progressive hair dye which is corn posed of a mixture of metallic salts from copper, or lead, or silver, and vegetable dyes.
meter—an instrument used for measuring; the basis of the metric system (equivalent to approximately 39.37 inches).
method—an established procedure or order of doing something.
metric—pertaining to the meter as a measurement. micro very small; slight; millionth part of. microbe—a microorganism; a minute one-celled bacterium.
micrococcus—a minute bacterial cell having a spherical shape.
micron particle visible under the microscope; one millionth of a meter.
microorganism—microscopic plant or animal cell. microscope an instrument for making enlarged views of minute objects.
microspira—pathogenic bacteria which cause cholera.
miliaria an eruption of minute vesicles due to retention of fluid.
miliaria rubra—prickly heat; burning and itching. milium—a small whitish pimple due to a retention of sebum; a whitehead.
millianiperemeter—an instrument measuring a small flow of electric current.
mineral—any inorganic material found in the earth’s crust.
mineral salts—salts derived from an inorganic chemical compound.
mini-braid a very narrow, sometimes pencil slim, strands of hair worn in loops, bands. or wired into fantasy shapes.
mini-fall a loose hanging hairpiece, above shoulder length, attached at the crown: shorter than a fall.
mini-wig—a very short wig with short ends over the entire hairpiece.
minking—(hair coloring) reverse frosting. mitosis the usual process of cell reproduction of the human tissues.
mixing—(hair coloring) mixing two shades together for an in-between color; (wig making) the intermingling of hair of varioas shades and/or lengths.
mixture—a combination of substances in which the ingredients are mechanically mixed, but not chemically changed.
mobility—being easily moved. mode—fashion; style. mold a directional movement which will not
maintain itself, when combed freely, unless it is combed back into its molded line.
mold—(hairstyling) curved or straight lines in a shape creating a pattern.
molded curl—a pin curl, sliced with a comb from a shaping and formed into a curl without lifting the stem from shaping.
molded shape—outline of a straight or curved line, on the head form, scaled to a certain size.
mole—a small spot on the skin.
molecule—the smallest particle of an element or compound that can exist independently.
monilethrix—beaded hair; a condition of constrictions, giving the appearance of a string of beads.
moonlighting—(hair coloring) lightening and interlacing sections of light and dark hair within one head of hair.
moons—(manicuring) a crescent-shaped area exposed at the base of the nail created with the application of nail enamel.
motor nerves—nerves that carry impulses from nerve centers to muscles.
mount (wig making) the intermingling of hair of various shades and/or lengths.
movement a position of a hair motion; a change of place, position or posture; a rhythmic quality.
mucous membrane a membrane, secreting mucus, which lines the passages which lead to the exterior.
mucus—a clear slippery secretion of the mucous membranes produced to moisten and protect those passages.
muscle—the contractile tissue by which movement is accomplished.
muscle strapping—a massage treatment used to reduce fatty deposits.
muscle tone—the normal degree of tension in a muscle.
mutation blonding—(hair coloring) blending of light and darker blonde shades; also known as blonde on blonde.
myocardium—the muscular substance of the heart.
myolog,v a scientific study of muscles.
N
naevus a congenital skin blemish.
nail the horny plate located toward the end of the finger or toe.
nail bed where the body of the nail rests. nail body—where the horny nail blade is upon the nail bed.
nail fold—nail wall.
nail grooves grooves between the nail walls and the nail bed.
nail lacquer a liquid which forms a glossy film on the nail, colored or colorless: nail enamel.
nail matrix—the portion of the nail bed extending beneath the nail root.
nail mold—a form fitting the natural nail into which is placed a plastic compound plus a conversion liquid so that it can be inverted on the nail, thus forming an artificial nail.
nail root located at the base of the nail - nail rouge—a dry or paste polish.
nail wall cuticle covering the sides and base of the nail body.
nail white—a nail cosmetic used to whiten the free edge of the nail: in pencil, paste, or string form.
nape—the back part of the neck. naris—a nostril.
nasalis—a muscle and nerve on the side of the nose, just above the top.
nasocilliary—a nerve affecting the mucous membrane of the nose.
natural growth pattern—the direction (grain) in which the hair grows nalnralty.
neckline—where the hair growth of the head ends and the neck begins.
negative skin test—direct proof that the substance involved is compatible with the body.
nerve—a cord, made up of bundles of nerve fibers, through which impulses are transmitted.
nervous system—made up of the brain, spinal cord. nerves, ganglia and parts of the receptor.
net foundation—a wig base made of silk, cotton. linen, or nylon net.
network—any interconnected chain, group, or system of lines.
neuritis—inflammation of nerves.
neurology—the science of the structure of the nervous system.
neuron—the unit of the nervous system. neutral—indifferent; (in chemistry) neither acid nor alkaline, having a pH of 7.
neutral blonde—a color neither ash nor gold, but rather a beige blonde.
neutralization (in cosmetology) stopping any action or process.
neutralizer—(in cosmetology) refers to the oxidizing agent which stops the action of cold wave lotion, dyes, etc.nit—the egg of a louse attached to a hair. nitrogen—a gaseous element, found in air and living tissue.
no-base—(hair straightening) a milder chemical straightener usually having the base included in the product.
node—a knot or knob; a knuckle. nodosa—having knot like swellings. nodule—a small node. nonpathogenic—non-disease producing. nonresistant—the condition of the hair which does
not repel or offer opposition to penetration or softening.
nonstriated—involuntary muscle function without the action of the will.
nonvascular—not supplied with blood vessels. nostril—an external opening of the nose. noxious poisonous.
nozzle—the projecting end of a hose or container. nucleus—nuclei (plural)—the active center of cells. numectron pads—(facial) used when oil is applied to penetrate the skin by means of electronic movements.
0
obese fat. oblique—slanting.
oblong—an elongated oval shape.
oblong design—concentric oval curves from a given point.
obnoxious—offensive.
obsolete out of date.
occipital—the bone which forms the posterior part of the skull.
occipito-frontalis—the scalp muscle. occiput—the back of the head. occupational disease disease due to certain kinds of employment, often due to contact with chemicals.
oculist—a specialist in diseases of the eyes. oculomotor third cranial nerve; controlling the
eye.
oculus—the eye.
oil bleach—a combination of sulphonated oil, with or without coloring, usually activated just before use by the addition of hydrogen peroxide.
oiled silk—(wig making) used to protect those areas of a man’s hairpiece where an adhesive is placed.
oily hair—hair with an above nornsal secretion of natural scalp oil.
oily skin—skin that is excessively oily due primarily to overactive sebaceous glands.
ointment—a fatty mixture used externally. olfactory—first cranial nerve, the special nerve of smell.
one application, one process, or one step coloring
—a process that decolorizes (bleaches) and colors
in one application.
onychatrophia—atrophy of the nails.
onychauxis—enlargement of the nails. onychia—tnflammation of the matrix of the nail. onychoclasis—breaking of the nail. onychocryptosis—ingrowing nail. onychogryposis—denotes enlargement with increased curvature of the nail.
onycholysis—loosening of the nail without shedding.
onychophagy—biting the nails.
onychophosis—growth of epithelium in the nail bed.
onychophyma degeneration of the nail. onychoptosis—falling off of the nails. onychorrhexis—abnormal brittleness of the nails
and splitting of the free edge. onychosis—any disease of the nails. onyx—a nail of the fingers or toes. opaque not transparent to light.
operator—(beauty salon) one who is able to perform correctly any service rendered professionally in the care of the face, hair. A cosmetologist.
ophthalmic pertaining to the eye. optik—second cranial nerve; the nerve of sight. optimistic—hoping for the best. orangewood stick—a stick made of orangewood used in manicuring.
orbicularis oculi the ring muscle of the eye. orbicularis oris—a muscle of the mouth. orbit the bony cavity of the eyeball; the eye- socket.
organ—a part of the body exercising a function. organic—pertaining to substances derived from living organisms.
organism any living being, animal or vegetable. orifice—a mouth; an opening.
origin the starling point of a nerve; the place of attachment of a muscle to a bone.
osmidrosis—foul smelling perspiration. osmosis—the passage of fluids and solutions
through a membrane. osseous bony. osteology—science of the anatomy. ottoman a footstool. outline—a line that defines a shape.
oval an enclosed curved line with unequal distance from a given central point.
oval design unequal curvature lines from a given central point.
ovary—one of the two reproductive glands in the female, containing the ova.
overlap when tint or lightener is allowed to run on to the previously tinted or lightened hair daring applications.
overlapping curl—a pin curl which partially covers its adjacent curl.
over porosity—a condition where hair reaches an undesirable stage of porosity requiring correction: difficult to color or permanent wave.
over processing overexposure of hair to the action of chemicals or materials used.
oxidation—the addition of oxygen to another substance, or chemical process.
oxidation dye—another term for aniline derivative hair tint.
oxidize—to combine oxygen with another substance.
oxidizing agent—a substance which releases oxygen in a chemical reaction.
oxygen—an element found free in the atmosphere as a colorless, tasteless, odorless gas, also capable of combining with all other elements except inert gases.
p
pack—a special cosmetic formula used to beautify the face, and treat oily conditions.
packing—severe back combing, teasing, etc.:
emphasis at the scalp, giving the strand of hair
almost a rigid quality.
palate the roof of the mouth.
palatine bones—the bones at the back part of the nasal fossae.
palmar—referringto the palm of the hand. palpebra—eyelid.
palpebrarum—pertaining to the eyelids. pancreas a gland connected with the digestive tract.
panel—an area between two partings.
paper curling a method of curling hair, using a triangular piece of paper and a heated pinching iron.
papilla, hair a small elevation at the bottom of the hair follicle.
papillary layer the outer layer of the dermis. papular—characterized by papules. papule—a pimple: a small elevation on the skin. paraffin—a white mineral wax consisting of hydrocarbons.
para dye—an aniline derivative hair tint. parasite an organism living on or in another organism, and drawing its existence therefrom.
parasiticide—a substance that destroys parasites. paronychia—felon: an inflammation of the tissues surrounding the nail.
paratoid—a gland near the ear.
paraphenylene-diamine—an aniline derivative used in hair coloring products.
parting a dividing line separating hair. parting silk—(wig making)—fine, strong silk used
for making partings on wigs.
patch test a skin test designed to determine an individual’s sensitivity to chemicals.
pate—top of the head. pathogenic—disease producing. pathology—the study of modifications of the functions and changes in structure caused by disease, something abnormal.
pattern forms—(hairstyling) an outline of head shapes into which the diagram of a style is recorded.
pectoralis—a muscle of the breast. pedicare—the care of the feet and toenails: pedi
cure.
pediculosis capitis—infestation of lice in the hair (on the head).
pedicure—the care of the feet and toenails: pedicare.
pencil—(hair coloring) a temporary hair color (in the shape of a lipstick).
penetrating color—color that enters the hair cortex to effect a change in pigmentation.
pep bags—a trade name for a bleach and peroxide accelerator.
pepper and salt—a term used for a mixture of gray and white hair.
pepsin—an enzyme which digests protein.
percussion—a form of massage consisting of repeated taps of varying force.
perfume—a preparation having an essence, used for scenting.
pericardium—the membranous sac around the heart.
periosteum the fibrous membrane covering the
surface of the bones.
peripheral system the nerve endings in the skin and sense organs.
peristalsis—muscular movements of the digestive tract.
permanent color—color that never shampoos out, nor diminishes over a period of time. but remains until hair grows out.
permanent wave, cold a wave produced by breaking the cross-linkages in the hair molecule by use of a chemical solution (cold wave lotion) and reforming the hair structure on a rod.
permanent wave, heat a system of permanent waving employing heat rather than chemicals.
permanent wave, pin curl—a cold permanent in which the hair is set in pin curls and/or rollers instead of being wound on rods.
permanent waving—the alteration of the hair structure by a process of softening, re shaping. and then hardening into its new form.
permeable—capable of passing fluids through its pores.
peroxide—short term for hydrogen peroxide.
peroxide rinse—a rinse used to lighten the color of the hair slightly.
peroxometer—(hydrometer)—a device which measures the strength of hydrogen peroxide.
personality—the physical and mental qualities in a person.
perspiration—sweat: the fluid excreted from the sweat glands.
petrissage the kneading movements in massage. petrolatum—vaseline: a yellow mixture of semisolid hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum.
peruke—an old fashioned name for a wig.
pharynx—the upper portion of the digestive tube. behind the nose and mouth.
pH (potential of hydrogen)—the symbol for hydrogen ion concentration: the pH scale expresses the relative degree of acidity or alkalinity in numbers from 0 to 14 (these numbers are actually the negative logarithm of the number ofhydrogen gram-ions per liter).
pH papers indicators of pH by change of color.
phenol—carbolic acid; dilute solution is used as an antiseptic and disinfectant.
phosphorus—an element found in the bones, muscles and nerves.
phyma—a swelling on the skin larger than a tuber cle.
physical relating to the body.
physical change altering a substance in form or state without changing chemical composition.
physics—science that deals with matter and motion. physiognomical haircutting cutting hair into a particular hairstyle and adapting it to an individual, with relation to facial features.
physiology the science of the functions of living things.
physiotherapy the use of natural forces such as light, heat, air, water, and exercise in the treat ment of disease.
pigment—any organic coloring matter.
pigmentation—the deposition of pigment in the skin.
pilose—covered with hair. pilus hair.
pimple—any small elevation of the skin.
pin curl—a strand of hairs organized into a flat ribbon form, and wound into a series of continuous untwisted circles within circles.
pit a surface depression.
pith—the innermost portion of the hair shaft.
pituitary a ductless gland located at the base of the brain which produces various secretions essential to basic body functions.
pityriasis—dandruff.
pityriasis capitis simplex a scalp inflammation marked by dry dandruff.
pityriasis pilaris—a scalp inflammation characterized by an eruption of papules surrounding the hair follicles.
pityriasis steatoides a scalp inflammation marked by oily type of dandruff.
pivot—the exact point from which the hair is directed in forming a curvature shaping.
pivot point a given point; origin or beginning of design.
planned pattern—a circular formation or design to be followed in order to achieve definite effects.
plasma—the fluid part of the blood and lymph.
plastic applicator—a squeeze bottle used for applying tints, lightener, and permanent waving lotion.
plastic cap—a cap made of plastic used as a head covering to help hold in the body heat when coloring and/or permanent waving: (also protects against the effects of air conditioning during the processing or developing time.)
platelets—blood cells which aid in the formation of clots.
platysma—a broad thin muscle in the neck area.
pledget—absorbent cotton wrapped in gauze (about the size of a twenty-five cent piece).
plexus a network of nerves or vines. pluck—a firm sudden pull.
pneumogastric nerve—tenth cranial nerve relating to the lungs and the stomach.
podiatrist one who treats diseases of the feet. point knotting—(wig making) a method of knotting which ensures that only the points of the hair remain as part of the finished work.
pomade—a lubricant for the hair which imparts sheen.
pompadour—horizontal waves set and combed without a part, with or without height.
pomphus—a whitish elevation of the skin. pore—a small opening of the sweat glands of the skin.
porosity ability of the hair to absorb liquids. porous—full of pores; permeable to liquids. porous hair a hair condition which is character ized by pore-like spaces between the overlapping scales of the cuticle layer.
portable—carried easily.
position—location of special line of effect; location of scale relating to the head form.
posterior situated behind.
posterior auricular—a nerve which regulates muscles in the posterior surface of the ear.
postiche an artificial hairpiece; curls, braids, wiglets, falls, cascades, or other extra hairpieces used in creating coiffures.
posture—the position of the body.
potassium hydroxide an alkali used in the manufacture of soft soaps.
pour-it-on tints—hair coloring preparations which are applied in the same manner as shampooing hair. Require no partings, sectioning, or subsechoning.
powder hase—a finishing cream used before applying make-up.
powder bleach—a fast acting oxygen-releasing agent such as sodium perborate usually mixed with peroxide to form a strong bleaching paste.
powder dry shampoo—a substance used to cleanse the hair, employing a mixture of oris root, borax, whitemeal, etc. (No soap or water.)
prebleaching a decolorizing process, preliminary to the application of the desired color.
precipitation—the formation of an insoluble sub stance.
predisposition—susceptibility to disease; allergy. predisposition test—a skin test designed to determine an individual’s sensitivity to chemicals.
prelighten to lighten in preparation for a second coloring procedure.
pressing—a method of straightening kinky hair with a heated comb or iron.
presoftener a mixture of peroxide and ammonia applied to the hair in order to make easier the penetration of tint into the hair. Insures complete coverage.
preventive—warding off. primary—first.
problem hair—hair that is difficult to color, permanent wave or straighten.
procerus pyramidalis nasi muscle of the nose. processing time—the period of time required for a
chemical action upon the hair to achieve the desired results.
profession—vocation; work which requires special knowledge and training.
profuse abundant.
prognosis—the foretelling of the probable course of a disease.
progressive dyes hair color restorers; color develops with continued applications.
pronate—to bend forward. prong—the round rod of the thermal iron. prophylactic—preventing disease. prophylaxis—the preventidn of disease. proportion a harmonious relationship or balance; scale or size.
prostration—the state of being weak. protective base a petroleum base, applied to the hair and scalp as necessary in order to protect them from the active agents contained in the chemical hair straightener.
protectors—articles or equipment which protect a patron of a beauty salon. (Neck strips, shampoo cape, ear pads, etc.)
protein—a complex organic substance, present in all living tissues, necessary in the diet.
protinator—a trade name for an agent which accelerates the release of oxygen in bleaching.
protrude—to project forward or outward. psoriasis—a skin disease with red patches, covered with adherent white scales.
psychic relating to the mind.
psychology the science of the mind and its functions.
pterygium a forward growth of the eponychium with adherence to the surface of the nail.
pterygoideus the inlernus and externus muscle between mandible and cheek bone.
ptomaine a poison produced during the decomposition of vegetable matter.
puberty—the period of life in which the organs of reproduction are developed.
pull test—a test to determine the degree of elasticity of the hair.
pulmonary relating to the lungs.
pumice a light, rough volcanic glass used in manicuring (available as stone or powder).
pungent—acrid; caustic; stinging.
pupil—a small opening in the iris of the eye through which light enters.
purification—freeing from foreign matter. pus—a fluid consisting of a liquid containing leucocytes and the debris of dead cells and tissue elements.
pusher—a steel instrument used to loosen the cuticle from the nail.
pustule—an inflamed pimple containing pus. PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone)—a protein like compound to repair damaged hair.
pylorus—an opening found between the stomach and the small intestine.
pyloric—relating to the pylorus. pyogenic—pus forming. pyramidalis nasi muscle of the nose.
quadrant—any of the four parts into which something is divided by two real or imaginary lines that intersect each other at right angles.
quadratus lahii superioris—a muscle of the upper lip.
qualitative scale—a substance in the quantity necessary for compatibility to other substances; the amount needed to arrive at 100% of a formula.
quarantine—a state of enforced isolation to prevent disease.
quaternary ammonium compounds—organic salts of ammonia which are powerful germicides, sold under trade names such as Barbicide, Nutrisept, etc.
R
radial nerve—a nerve which affects the arm and hand.
radiation—giving off light or heat rays.
radius the outer and smaller bone of the forearm; an imaginary line from the center ofa circle to the outside curve.
raking action—continuous short strokes, with a comb, or brush, on the surface of the hair, used during the combout of a hairstyle.
ramus—a branch of an artery, vein or nerve.
rash—a skin eruption having little or no elevation. ratting same as teasing.
reconditioning—the application of a special chemical to the hair in order to improve its condition.
rectum—the terminal portion of the digestive tube. rectus the name of small muscles of the eye.
reddish cast—a tinge of red.
reduction (chemistry) the opposite of oxidation. i.e., the process of adding hydrogen to a substance or chemical process.
refined hair (wig making) hair that has been treated with acid to make it more pliable for use in wigs and hair pieces.
reflex—an involuntary nerve reaction. rejuvenate—to make young again.
relapse slipping back to a former condition.
relaxation—the act of being loose and less tense.
relaxer—a chemical applied to the hair to remove the natural curl.
Rembrandt look (hair coloring) three color tones in same cast are used to lighten hair for a graduation of color. Also called three-dimensional shading.
remover—(dye slain) a preparation used to remove dye stains from skin; (hair coloring) a dye solvent, a chemical compound used to remove artificial color from the hair; (manicuring) acetone, a chemical compound used to remove nail enamel from nails.
renal—relating to a kidney.
reprocess—to repeat a related series of changes to produce a definite result.
research—investigation of experimentation aimed at the discovery of products, facts or principles.
residue—that which remains after a part is taken. resilient—elastic.
resistance the difficulty of chemical solutions in penetrating the hair shaft.
respiration breathing: inhaling air into the lungs and expelling it.
respiratory system—consists of the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs.
rete—interlacing of either blood vessels or nerves. retention papers—an end paper used in permanent waving and hair setting.
reticular layer—the inner layer of the corium. retina—the sensitive membrane of the eye which receives the image formed by the lens.
retouch—application of hair tint or hair straightener to new growth of hair.
retrahens aurem—a muscle behind the ear. reverse curl—a curl which is placed on the head in the opposite direction to which it was formed:
also used in some localities to refer to a backward curl.
revert to return to a former condition (kinky. curly or straight).
rewave—a permanent wave given to hair which still retains some of the former permanent, which is not effective.
rhagades chaps on the skin.
rhythm—speed and motion of a movement: also the arrangement of a variety of movements.
rickettsia a type of pathogenic microorganism. ridge—(fingernails) an elevation in the structure of the nail body: (hairstyling) an elevation or crest of a wave.
ridge curl—a pin curl placed immediately behind or below a ridge to form a wave.
ridge end curl—a ridge following a shaping against which is placed a series of overlapping pin curls.
right angle-—an angle whose sides are perpendicular to each other: a 90 degree angle.
ringed hair a variety of canities in which the hair appears white or colored in rings.
ringlet—similar to a pin curl: a small curl. ringworm—a disease of the skin which appears in circular lesions and is contagious.
rinse—the act of cleansing hair with water after shampooing, processing, or developing: also the liquid used in treating hair: a temporary color applied in liquid form.
risorius—a muscle at the side of the mouth. rod—(permanent waving) a cylindrical form of
various diameters and lengths, around which the softened hair is wound so it can be reformed in the desired structure: (thermal waving) the round solid prong of a curling iron.
roller—a cylindrical object, around which hair may be wound, used in setting hair.
roller clip—a metal pin about three inches in length used to secure a hair roller.
roller curl—a wet strand of hair wound around a cylindrical object in a croquiguole fashion (a variation of a stand-up curl).
roller pin—a plastic pin about three inches in length, used to secure a hair roller.
root the foundation or beginning of any part.
roots—(hair coloring) the new growth showing the natural color.
rotary—circular motion of the fingers as in massage.
rouge—any of various cosmetics for coloring cheeks or lips including cream, liquid, powder and cake rouge, lipstick, etc.
round curling—a process of rolling the hair tightly and evenly around a heated curling iron, starting at the ends.
ruffing—back combing with a brush: (haircutting) a technique of separating hairs with the fingers before cutting split ends.
saliva—the secretion of the salivary glands.
salivary gland—the gland in the mouth secreting spittle.
sallow—having a yellowish color.
salt—a compound formed by the union of a base with an acid: also table salt which is sodium chloride.
sanitary—maintaining cleanliness in relation to health.
sanitation—methods to prevent disease by maintaining sanitary conditions.
sanitize—to make sanitary.
saponify—to make into soap.
saprophyte—a microorganism which grows on dead matter.
scab a crust formed on the surface of a sore.
scabies—a skin disease caused by an animal parasite.
scale—(hairstyling) to section and subsection hair prior to setting: size of shaping.
scales small thin plates of horny epidermis, forming the outer surface of hair, skin, etc.
scalp—the skin covering of the cranium.
scalp cream—a special cream designed to help restore some of the natural oils: also called pomade: may include sulfur or other dandruff combatants.
scalp lotion—a solution containing products to prevent dryness, combat dandruff. etc.
scaphoid bone—bone of the tarsus and the carpus. scar—a mark remaining after a wound has healed. scarf skin—the outermost protective layer of the skin: also called the cuticle.
scissors—two-bladed instruments used for cutting. typically smaller than shears.
serum-pox—impetigo contagiosa.
sculpture curl (pin curl)—a strand of hairs organized into a flat ribbon form and wound, with its end on the inside, into a series of continuous untwisted circles within circles and secured in place with a curl clip.
scurf—thin dry scales or scabs on the scalp.
sebaceous—oily: fatty.
sebaceous cyst a distended oily or fatty sac. sehaceous glands—oil glands of the skin. seborrhea—over-action of the sebaceous glands. sehorrhea capitis—seborrhea of the scalp: dandruff: pityriasis.
seborrhea oleosa—excessive oiliness of the skin. seborrhea sicca—greasy scales or crusts, due to
over-action of the sebaceous glands: pityriasis. sebum—oily secretions of the sebaceous glands. secretion—a product developed by a gland for a
bodily function.
sectioning—dividing the hair into separate parts. segment—a section or separate portion cut out by a dividing line.
semipermanent hair coloring—hair coloring that lasts through several shampoos but diminishes gradually over a number of weeks.
semiwave—a wave formed at a 45 angle to the part.
senility—state of being old.
sensation—a feeling arising as the result of the stimulation of an afferent nerve.
sensitivity—the state of being easily affected by chemicals or conditions.
sensory nerve—a nerve carrying sensations. sepsis—the presence of various pus-forming organisms in the blood or tissues.
septum—a dividing wall: a partition. serratus anterior—a muscle of the chest assisting
in breathing and in raising the arm.
set (hairstyling> to form hair into a pattern of curls or waves to produce a style.
shadow—(hairstyling) the low area of a concave effect in a hairstyle: indentation.
shadow wave a shaping which resembles the outline of a fingerwave but does not have a definite ridge and formation.
shaft the long slender part of the hair above the scalp.
shampoo to wash the scalp and hair with soap and water.
shampoo bleach a hair lightener without pigment: contains peroxide and shampoo.
shampoo tint—a product that both cleans the hair and imparts colorat the same time. Also known as color shampoo.
shaper—a razor-like device used for shaping or cutting the hair.
shaping—(haircutting) shortening and thinning the hair to style Or to the contour of the head: (hairstyI ing> the formation of uniform arcs or curves.
providing a base for fingerwaves, pin curls and
rollers.
shaping—(hair set) a directional movement which will maintain and hold its original line after comb ing freely.
shears—an instrument used for cutting cloth and other substances: larger than a scissors.
sheath—a covering surrounding some Organ. sheen gloss: brightness: shine. shingling—cutting the hair close to the nape and gradually longer toward the crown.
shortwave—a form of high frequency carrent used in permanent hair removal: electrolysis.
singeing process of lightly burning hair ends with a lighted wax taper: treatment for split ends.
single application coloring a process that lightens and colors hair in one application.
sinus a cavity oru hollow in bone. skeletal muscles—muscles connected to the skeleton.
skeleton the bony framework of the body. skin—the external covering of the body. Skip wave a ridge following a shaping, against which is placed a series of overlapping pin curls. then repeat the shaping, ridge and curls placed in the same manner.
skull—the framework of the head. sleek—to render smooth, soft, and glossy.
slicing—(hairstyling) carefully lifting a section of hair from a shaping, with a comb, in preparation for making a pin curl.
slithering—tapering the hair to graduated lengths with scissors or razor.
smaller occipital—sensory nerve affecting skin behind the ear.
snarls—tangles, as of hair.
snowflaking—(hair coloring) the use of platinum or silvertones on selected strands of hair to highlight darker natural shade.
soap—compound of fatty acid or oil with an alkaline base as contrasted with a synthetic detergent.
soap cap a combination of prepared tint and shampoo which is applied to the hair like a regular shampoo. Adds color and brightness to faded hair. Used as a final step in hair coloring.
soapless shampoo a synthetic shampoo made with sulfonated oil, alcohol, mineral oil and water.
sodium—a metallic element of the alkaline group. sodium bicarbonate—baking soda: an antacid which also relieves burns, bites, etc.
sodium carbonate washing soda: used to prevent corrosion of metallic instruments when added to boiling water.
sodium hydroxide—a caustic used in some chemical hair relaxers: caustic soda.
soft water water which readily lathers with soap because the dissolved minerals have been removed.
softening—the application of a chemical to hair to make it more receptive to hair coloring, permanent waving or hair straightening.
solid any substance which does not flow. soluble—capable of being dissolved. solute—the dissolved substance in a solution. solution a homogeneous mixture of one or more
substances dissolved in another.
solvent—the substance in which the so |
